ASCII case bit twiddling
If you pay a special sort of attention, you may notice that the upper-case and lower-case alphabet characters on the ASCII table are always exactly offset from each other by 32. For example, upper-case A is 65, while the lowercase a is 97 As such the way the binary place value works out, you can manipulate the case of a character by setting or clearing the sixth bit… (2^5 = 32, we start counting bits and everything at 0, we’re programmers!) Decimal 32 expressed as hexadecimal is 0x20 and expressed as binary is 00100000 ...