FreeBSD on Institute of Ineptitude

Upgrading FreeBSD Bastille Jails

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 15:02:16 -0700

Upgrading BastilleBSD jails…

Mostly uneventful… I did need a rescue from pkg-static before pkg update/upgrade would work.

root@bastille-host:/ # bastille list
 JID Name Boot Prio State Type IP Address Published Ports Release Tags
 1 random-jail on 99 Up thin 192.168.27.10 - 14.3-RELEASE-p6 -
root@bastille-host:/ # bastille stop random-jail

[random-jail]:
random-jail: removed
root@bastille-host:/ # vi /usr/local/bastille/jails/random-jail/fstab

root@bastille-host:/usr/local/bastille/jails/random-jail # bastille start random-jail

[random-jail]:
random-jail: created
root@bastille-host:/usr/local/bastille/jails/random-jail #

root@bastille-host:/ # bastille list
 JID Name Boot Prio State Type IP Address Published Ports Release Tags
 1 random-jail on 99 Up thin 192.168.27.10 - 15.0-RELEASE -

root@bastille-host:/ # bastille console random-jail

[random-jail]:
root@random-jail:~ # pkg update
ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libutil.so.9" not found, required by "pkg"
root@random-jail:~ # pkg-static bootstrap
pkg-static: Warning: Major OS version upgrade detected. Running "pkg bootstrap -f" recommended
pkg(8) already installed, use -f to force.
root@random-jail:~ # pkg-static bootstrap -f
pkg-static: Warning: Major OS version upgrade detected. Running "pkg bootstrap -f" recommended
pkg(8) is already installed. Forcing reinstallation through pkg(7).
The package management tool is not yet installed on your system.
Do you want to fetch and install it now? [y/N]: y
Bootstrapping pkg from pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD:15:amd64/quarterly, please wait...
Verifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done
[random-jail] Installing pkg-2.4.2...
package pkg is already installed, forced install
[random-jail] Extracting pkg-2.4.2: 100%

Then out with the old base:

FreeBSD 15.0-RELEASE

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 20:44:41 -0700

Upgraded my FreeBSD system to 15.0-RELEASE

Watch out for that second run of freebsd-update that removes the prior libs… Seems that broke sudo as the pkg didn’t get upgraded (yet).

FreeBSD 15.0-RELEASE (GENERIC) releng/15.0-n280995-7aedc8de6446
% uptime
 8:42PM up 54 mins, 4 users, load averages: 0.65, 0.96, 1.33
% sudo bastille list
ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libutil.so.9" not found, required by "sudo"
%

Deleting and re-installing pulled in the compatibility packages and got things sorted:

Environment variables

Wed, 27 Nov 2024 23:29:21 -0700

I had the sudden realization that I didn’t really know how environment variables work. I think We all take them for granted, regardless of OS…

Some high level details about some such variables and their purpose can be found in the FreeBSD Handbook section 3.9. Shells.

You can view such variables in your shell using the env command:

root@freebsd:~ # env
PAGER=less
LANG=C.UTF-8
MAIL=/var/mail/root
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/root/bin
ENV=/root/.shrc
OLDPWD=/
PWD=/root
TERM=xterm-256color
USER=root
HOME=/root
SHELL=/bin/sh
MM_CHARSET=UTF-8
BLOCKSIZE=K
root@freebsd:~ #

…but what are all the low level specifics that nobody bothers to ask?