FreeBSD

Upgrading BastilleBSD jails… Mostly uneventful… I did need a rescue from pkg-static before pkg update/upgrade would work. root@bastille-host:/ # bastille list JID Name Boot Prio State Type IP Address Published Ports Release Tags 1 random-jail on 99 Up thin 192.168.27.10 - 14.3-RELEASE-p6 - root@bastille-host:/ # bastille stop random-jail [random-jail]: random-jail: removed root@bastille-host:/ # vi /usr/local/bastille/jails/random-jail/fstab root@bastille-host:/usr/local/bastille/jails/random-jail # bastille start random-jail [random-jail]: random-jail: created root@bastille-host:/usr/local/bastille/jails/random-jail # root@bastille-host:/ # bastille list JID Name Boot Prio State Type IP Address Published Ports Release Tags 1 random-jail on 99 Up thin 192.168.27.10 - 15.0-RELEASE - root@bastille-host:/ # bastille console random-jail [random-jail]: root@random-jail:~ # pkg update ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libutil.so.9" not found, required by "pkg" root@random-jail:~ # pkg-static bootstrap pkg-static: Warning: Major OS version upgrade detected. Running "pkg bootstrap -f" recommended pkg(8) already installed, use -f to force. root@random-jail:~ # pkg-static bootstrap -f pkg-static: Warning: Major OS version upgrade detected. Running "pkg bootstrap -f" recommended pkg(8) is already installed. Forcing reinstallation through pkg(7). The package management tool is not yet installed on your system. Do you want to fetch and install it now? [y/N]: y Bootstrapping pkg from pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD:15:amd64/quarterly, please wait... Verifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done [random-jail] Installing pkg-2.4.2... package pkg is already installed, forced install [random-jail] Extracting pkg-2.4.2: 100% Then out with the old base: ...

Upgraded my FreeBSD system to 15.0-RELEASE Watch out for that second run of freebsd-update that removes the prior libs… Seems that broke sudo as the pkg didn’t get upgraded (yet). FreeBSD 15.0-RELEASE (GENERIC) releng/15.0-n280995-7aedc8de6446 % uptime 8:42PM up 54 mins, 4 users, load averages: 0.65, 0.96, 1.33 % sudo bastille list ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libutil.so.9" not found, required by "sudo" % Deleting and re-installing pulled in the compatibility packages and got things sorted: ...

I had the sudden realization that I didn’t really know how environment variables work. I think We all take them for granted, regardless of OS… Some high level details about some such variables and their purpose can be found in the FreeBSD Handbook section 3.9. Shells. You can view such variables in your shell using the env command: root@freebsd:~ # env PAGER=less LANG=C.UTF-8 MAIL=/var/mail/root PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/root/bin ENV=/root/.shrc OLDPWD=/ PWD=/root TERM=xterm-256color USER=root HOME=/root SHELL=/bin/sh MM_CHARSET=UTF-8 BLOCKSIZE=K root@freebsd:~ # …but what are all the low level specifics that nobody bothers to ask? ...